Income Statement Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pay Statement - Case Study Example Income acknowledgment is a critical issue since it is among the standards delineated under the GAAP that are to be followed when recording fiscal summaries. In the field of bookkeeping, the planning of fiscal summaries is guided by various standards. One of the fundamental standards of bookkeeping is the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). GAAP traces a progression of standards including the rule of income acknowledgment. It traces that substances should record and perceive income when an item has been conveyed or there is the fruition of a help. This incorporates the element not having any respect to the planning of income from the tasks of the association. For example, if a business makes a request for one hundred smaller plates from their provider during the period of January, gets them in February and make installments in March. The distributer should record income in the long stretch of February when he made the conveyance instead of in January when a business barga in was built up or in March when installment for conveyance was gotten (Porter and Norton, 2009). The coordinating guideline necessitates that business substances coordinate their costs with related incomes during the equivalent monetary period. The guideline is significantly relevant in the assurance of pay for a particular timeframe. This is on the grounds that the estimation of pay includes the coordinating of incomes earned and the costs brought about during the time spent winning incomes (Norton, Diamond and Pagach, 2006). The initial phase in recording pay for a business includes the assurance of income which is later on followed by the derivation of the costs brought about in procuring that income figure. This in the long run outcomes in the assurance of the overall gain figure. The thought behind the idea of the coordinating standard is that there is a circumstances and logical results connection among incomes and costs. For example, deals are because of the expense of merch andise sold cost and deals commissions. Part II Apple Inc is a US based organization that spends significant time in the structure and promoting of purchaser gadgets, programming and PCs. The organization is a standout amongst other performing organizations in the worldwide business advertise. Philips then again is a Dutch organization that represents considerable authority in the assembling of gadgets. The organization has risen to be one of the most grounded electronic brands in the worldwide market. I have two budgetary periods for the organizations including 2010 and 2009. The fiscal summaries for Apple Inc and Philips are situated under the accompanying connections: Apple Inc. http://moneycentral.msn.com/financial specialist/invsub/results/statemnt.aspx?symbol=AAPL http://moneycentral.msn.com/speculator/invsub/results/statemnt.aspx?lstStatement=Balance&stmtView=Qtr&symbol=US%3aAAPL http://moneycentral.msn.com/speculator/invsub/results/statemnt.aspx?lstStatement=CashFlow &stmtView=Ann&symbol=US%3aAAPL Philips http://www.philips.com/shared/resources/Downloadablefile/Investor/Annual_Report_Full_English_2009.pdf http://www.philips.com/shared/resources/Investor_relations/pdf/Annual_Report_English_2010.pdf Apple Inc and Philips follow the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles show (GAAP) under their individual nations. Apple Inc readies its fiscal summaries on a premise that is predictable with the US GAAP while Philips readies its fina

Boulder Colorado limiting new construction and population growth Essay

Stone Colorado restricting new development and populace development - Essay Example The separation of having the option to pay and the readiness to pay are endlessly complete opposites in such a case that a family unit can pay then it implies that the provider is winning more than the normal office specialist and is spending under thirty-five percent (35%) of their profit in paying for the house. Readiness to pay then again implies that the family unit is prepared to consent to the installment necessities however there is no genuine evidence that the provider has the money related assets to pay the month to month contracts on the home beside the synchronous costs required for day by day living. At the point when these kinds of situations are taken into extraordinary thought, it is indeed that never-ending suburbia is normally overloaded with issues in regards to racial and social class separations (Wright Realtors). It is common for endless suburbia to incorporate the improvement of the rural edges that are regularly way pass as far as possible. The significant misf ortunes of this incorporate high vehicle reliance, lacking wellbeing and social offices, higher per-individual/per capita costs, disrupted road plans, and contamination.

The Link Between Stress and Alcohol

The Link Between Stress and Alcohol Addiction Alcohol Use Print The Link Between Stress and Alcohol By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 17, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD Updated on January 06, 2020 Witthaya Prasongsin / Moment / Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery In This Article Table of Contents Expand Common Types of Stress General-Life Stressors Catastrophic Events Childhood Stress Ethnic Minority Stress Coping With Stress Stress and Resilience Alcohol's Effect on the Stress Response Alcohol’s Role in Stress Stress and Alcoholism Recovery View All Back To Top Life can be full of stress. Situations arise in everyday living that causes us to experience sadness, anger, fear, anxiety, and excitement. Physiologically, stress is defined as anything that challenges the body to function in its usual fashion. Injury, illness, or exposure to extreme temperatures can cause stress to the body. Grieving, depression, fear, and even sexual activity can cause psychological stress. The human body has developed a complex and extensive process of adapting to harmful or dangerous situations created by stress to keep a physiological balance, a state known as homeostasis.?? When the body experiences stress, or even perceived stress, it mobilizes a variety of physiological and behavioral changes via the nervous and endocrine systems to achieve a goal of maintaining homeostasis and coping with stress. Many people who experience stressful situations or perceived threats will turn to alcohol to cope with that stress. The problem with that is alcohol itself can cause stress on the bodys physiological balance. Researchers have found that alcohol takes a psychological and physiological toll on the body and may actually compound the effects of stress.?? Drinking alcohol may seem to provide some reliefâ€"positive feelings and relaxationâ€"in the short term, but as stressful events continue long-term, heavy alcohol consumption can lead to medical and psychological problems and increase the risk of developing alcohol use disorders.?? Common Types of Stress Researchers have identified four main categories for causes of stress:?? General life stressCatastrophic eventsChildhood stressEthnic minority stress General-Life Stressors Some examples of general life stressors include major changes like moving, starting a new job or getting married or divorced. Illness, a death in the family or problems at home or work can also be significant causes of stress. Drinking too much alcohol can cause some general life stress, such as losing a job, causing relationship problems or causing legal problems. Catastrophic Events Studies have found that alcohol consumption increases within 12 months following a major disaster, either man-made or natural. Some studies have found that alcohol abuse disorders increase after catastrophic events like September 11, Hurricane Katrina, or the Oklahoma City bombing.?? However, other studies have found that catastrophe-induced increases in alcohol consumption tend  to wane after a year and other studies have found no increases in alcoholism following major disasters.?? Childhood Stress Maltreatment during childhoodâ€"emotional, sexual or physical abuse or neglectâ€"can have long-lasting effects, resulting in a significant percentage of all adult psychopathology.?? Abuse during childhood increases the risk for alcohol use disorders in both adolescence and in adulthood. This is particularly true for children who grow up in alcoholic homes, researchers report. Ethnic Minority Stress Stress resulting from a persons minority status can range from mild to severe and can be emotional or physical. Stressors can range from being overlooked for promotion on the job to becoming the victim of a violent hate crime, for example. Determining how much minority-related stress is linked to increased alcohol consumption has been difficult for researchers to determine due to other risk factors among minority groupsâ€"such as drinking patterns and differences in alcohol metabolism.?? Coping With Stress When the body experiences stress, it quickly shifts its normal metabolic processes into high gear, relying on the intricate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis system to change the levels of hormonal messengers throughout the body.?? The HPA axis system targets specific organs to prepare the body to either fight the stress factor or to flee from it - the bodys fight-or-flight response. The hormone cortisol plays an important role in the bodys response to stress by increasing energy by increasing glucose levels and by increasing nutrient supplies by mobilizing fat and protein metabolism.?? A healthy bodys response to stress includes a quick spike in cortisol levels followed by a rapid decrease in those levels when the threat or stress is over. Stress and Resilience Resilience is the ability to cope with stress. Someone who is resilient is able to adapt to the psychological and physiological factors involved in the bodys stress response. Research has found that people who have a positive, optimistic outlook and have good problem-solving and coping skills tend to deal with stress effectively.?? People who exhibit impulsivity, novelty seeking, negative emotions and anxietyâ€"traits also linked to an increased risk for substance abuse disordersâ€"have difficulty dealing with stress. People who do not handle stress well and are therefore at risk for developing alcohol use disorders include: Those with a history of family alcoholismChildren whose mother drank during pregnancyPeople who experienced childhood abuse or neglectThose with other mental health issues?? Alcohols Effect on the Stress Response The bodys HPA systems work  hard to maintain a delicate physiological balance, but when alcohol is added to the mixture it puts the body at even greater risk for harm. Alcohol causes higher amounts of cortisol to be released altering the brains chemistry and resetting what the body considers normal.?? Alcohol shifts the hormonal balance and changes the way the body perceives stress and changes how it responds to stress. Alcohol prevents the body from returning to its initial hormonal balance point, forcing it to set a new point of physiological functioning (see image above). This is called allostasis.?? The establishment of a new balance point puts wear and tear on the body and increases the risk of serious disease, including alcoholism. Alcohol and Cortisol Studies have found that cortisol interacts with the brains reward or pleasure systems, which can contribute to alcohols reinforcing effectsâ€"forcing drinkers to consume  greater amounts to achieve the same effect. Cortisol also can promote habit-based learning, increasing the risk of becoming a habitual drinker and increasing the risk of relapse. Additionally, researchers have linked cortisol to the development of metabolic disorders and to the development of psychiatric disorders such as depression.?? Alcohol’s Role in Stress Studies have found these factors of how stress relates to alcohol use:?? Men and women who report high levels of stress drink moreStressed men are 1.5 times more likely to binge drink than womenMen are 2.5 times more likely to have alcohol use disorders Stress and Alcoholism Recovery Stress can continue to have an effect even after someone stops drinking. The HPA axis, the system that deals with stress response, has been traced to symptoms of alcohol withdrawal.?? Many newly sober people begin drinking again to relieve the symptoms of withdrawal. Therefore researchers are trying to develop medications that will return balance to the bodys stress-response system to alleviate alcohol withdrawal symptoms and help prevent relapse in recovering alcoholics. The research into the relationship between stress and alcohol can help healthcare providers by identifying patients who are most at risk of alcohol relapse in early recovery and help patients deal with how stress can motivate them to drink.

Analysis Essay Oedipus the King - 1017 Words

Casual Analysis Essay: Oedipus the King Sophocles play Oedipus the King has endured for over two thousand years. The plays lasting appeal may be attributed to the fact it encompasses all the classical elements of tragedy as put forth by Aristotle in Poetics nearly a century before it was written. According to Aristotle, tragedy needs to be an imitation of life according to the law of probability or necessity. Tragedy is serious, complete, and has magnitude. It must have a beginning, middle, and end and be spoken in language that is fit for noble characters. Furthermore it must be acted, as opposed to epic poetry, which is narrated. Tragedy shows rather than tells. Finally it must result in the purging of pity and fear, or a catharsis. Tragedy is based in the fundamental order of the universe, it creates a cause-and-effect chain that clearly reveals what may happen at any time or place because that is the way the world operates. Tragedy arouses not only pity but also fear, because the audience can envision themselves withi n this cause-and-effect chain. Tragedy as a whole is composed of six elements: plot, character, language, thought, spectacle and melody. Melody and language are the media by which the effect of imitation of action is carried out, spectacle is the manner or way the tragedy is carried out, and plot, character and thought are the means that initiate the action. Oedipus the King possesses all of these elements. Aristotle asserts the plot is the mostShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Oedipus the King Essays1825 Words   |  8 Pages The tale of Oedipus and his prophecy has intrigued not only the citizens of Greece in the ancient times, but also people all over the world for several generations. Most notable about the play was its peculiar structure, causing the audience to think analytically about the outcomes of Oedipus’ actions and how it compares with Aristotle’s beliefs. Another way that the people have examined the drama is by looking at the paradoxes (such as the confrontat ion of Tiresias and Oedipus), symbols (such asRead MoreScript Analysis of Oedipus the King Essay848 Words   |  4 PagesScript Analysis of Oedipus Rex The complete fate of Oedipus Rex, is foreshadowed by Teiresias, the prophet in Scene II: But it will soon be shown that he is a Theban, A revelation that will fail to please. A blind man, Who has his eyes now; a penniless man, who is rich now; And he will go tapping the strange earth with his staff To the children with whom he lives now he will be Brother and father- the very same; to her Who bore him, son and husband- the very same Who came to hisRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play Oedipus Tyrannous By Sophocles 1749 Words   |  7 Pagesabout the play Oedipus Tyrannous by Sophocles, I found this play to be very encapsulating to the very end. I really enjoyed the suspense, as well as the turn of direction that the play took in the end as the plot thickened. In this essay, I will describe why I personally believe that this play was not just a tragic event and the many reasons why I believe that Oedipus can be viewed as a tragic hero by his actions throughout the play. I believe that some of my strengths in this essay will show thatRead MoreCharacter Analysis : Creon s Oedipus The King 1180 Words   |  5 PagesCounty College Character Analysis: Creon In Oedipus the King by Sophocles, a fatal curse is put upon the town of Thebes. Creon, current king and brother of Jocasta, gives the throne to Oedipus because he freed the city from the Sphinx. Creon is asked to seek help from Apollo, the son of Zeus and Leto, and twin brother of Artemis by Oedipus, his brother in law. Creon reveals to Oedipus that the only way to dismantle the curse is to discover who killed Laius, the former king of Thebes, and then toRead MoreSophocles The King And Antigone Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pages Sophocles wrote about kings. Mythological, or at least long dead, the regal protagonists of fraction of Sophocles’ surviving work embody the political realities of the ancients’ time. By examining and analyzing the origins and nature of kingship in Sophocles, one can glean a sliver of insight into a civilization that has all but disappeared. Sophocles’s kings were great human leaders, reaching their position through impressive deeds or standing in the community. Although they wielded great powerRead MoreA Greek Play Created By Sophocles1608 Words   |  7 Pagesplay created by Sophocles around 335 BC, Oedipus the King tells a story about one man’s irony to find the previous’ king’s murderer to seek justice. Oedipus stops at nothing to find the killer. As he questions the citizens, he only finds himself to be the killer. In this essay we explore how one major event can create multiple forms of conflict. The conflicts of Human vs. supernatural, the predestined fate of Oedipus and the gods. Human vs. human, when Oedipus heeds no warnings and stops at nothingRead More Oedipus the King: Does Oedipus Satisfy the Definition of a Good Man?1415 Words   |  6 PagesDoes Oedipus Satisfy the Definition of a Good Man?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As a young man, Oedipus learned of his fate to kill his father and marry his mother.   Oedipus flees to a distant land to escape his terrible fate and inadvertently fulfills the prophecy. Unknowingly, Oedipus kills his father and enters the bed of his mother.   Was Oedipus was a good man who happened to suffer an unfortunate fate, or was he a truly bad person, whose fate was only just?   If we accept the Aristotelian views of good and badRead MoreEssay on Inside the Head of Sigmund Freud1568 Words   |  7 Pagesclinical process of psychoanalysis, which treated psychopathology by using the â€Å"talking cure†. The talking cure is best known as a one to one talk between the patient and the doctor. He is also known for his radical and complex theories such as the Oedipus complex, and the Electra complex. His fields include neurology, philosophy, psychiatry, psychology, psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. Many question his authenticity since there is no proo f or record of Freud holding a degree, more less a doctorateRead MoreHeroism In Oedipus The King And The Odyssey1132 Words   |  5 PagesStobbe Dr. Dutch October 17 Heroism in Oedipus the King and The Odyssey Life is filled with a multitude of challenges and obstacles; in this case, life is often defined in relation to the ability if an individual to overcome and defeat such things. Aspects of heroism are evident in the situations and events that arise in the life of someone. This essay dives into the element of heroism that is evident is the stories: Oedipus the King and The Odyssey. Oedipus the King and The Odyssey share a multitudeRead MoreOedipus Rex, A Symbol Of Fate1517 Words   |  7 PagesThe most famous scene in Sophocles’, Oedipus Rex, is when Oedipus gouges out his eyes. But that’s not the only example of sight and blindness in this play. In Sophocles world, eyes play a big part in society, as the theme of vision invites the audience to look at the action with a double perspective, through own eyes and through the eyes of those on stage ( Mastronarde pp. 179-182). Considering eyes as an essential piece, it places them as a motif of the play. Within Greek literature, scholars focus

The Financial Crisis Of 2007-09 - 1991 Words

Introduction The financial crisis that happened during 2007-09 was considered the worst financial crisis in the world since the great depression in the 1930s. It leads to a series of banking failures and also prolonged recession, which have affected millions of Americans and paralyzed the whole financial system. Although it was happened a long time ago, the side effects are still having implications for the economy now. This has become an enormously common topic among economists, hence it plays an extremely important role in the economy. There are many questions that were asked about the financial crisis, one of the most common question that dragged attention was ’’How did the government (Federal Reserve) contributed to the financial crisis?’’ In this essay, I will briefly explain what happened during the financial crisis of 2007-09, and also discuss the contribution of the government to the financial crisis. What leads to the financial crisis? The financial crisis did not happen in a day or two, it was triggered by a variety of events that happened.in years ago. In year 1998, The Glass-Steagall legislation was repealed, it is a legislation that separated investments and commercial banking activities in the financial sector. This act then allowed banks in the US to act in both the commercial and investment fields, which allowed them to participate in highly risky business. This is somehow responsible for the mortgage-backed derivatives, which is a main cause of theShow MoreRelatedWhat Happened During The Financial Crisis Of 2007-092501 Words   |  11 Pagesto Business The name of your teaching assistant: Yida Zhiu The date of submission: 09/03/2016 Word count: 2477 Title of Essay: Briefly explain what happened during the financial crisis of 2007-09. Choose any one aspect or question about the crisis which has attracted attention, and explain the findings of research on this question. Financial Crisis 2007-2009. When analyzing causes of the global financial crisis and its specific symptoms, it is clear that the deepening of globalization processesRead MoreThe Global Financial Crisis Of The Usa1383 Words   |  6 PagesThe recent global financial turmoil started on July 2007 ,mainly in the USA and spread among developed nations in the later part of 2008 and subsequently shifted to the developing nations .this crisis consisted of some prime drawbacks not only for the developed countries but also for developing countries .the most talked about issue in the recent financial arena in the global financial crisis ,which started to show its effect in the middle of the year 2007.the turmoil ,however ,was rooted in theRead MoreEconomic Recession1290 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic Recession of 2007 William Mwangi Class title and section Professor’s name Due date of Assignment: 26th August 2011. William Mwangi Economic crisis Class Professor’s name 24th August, 2011. Economic Recession of 2007: What caused it and what were the after effects? Can we predict another major recession? Thesis Statement: Although the recession that dates back in 2007 is still long and deep and surely has shown some recovery, the potential that it will completelyRead MoreHow Banks Went Broke : A Look Into The Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081696 Words   |  7 Pages Lawrence Humes 4/28/15 Mr. Donnellan Period 1 How Banks Went Broke: A Look into the Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 Nobody foresaw what was about to happen to the economy. In the beginning of the 21st Century the economy was at a state of peace and unity. People were taking loans and purchasing houses that they normally couldn’t afford while these houses were increasing in value. The banks were giving out loans to the people to purchase the houses and earning money on the interest ofRead More2007-2008 Financial Crisis1327 Words   |  6 PagesThe Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 The Global Financial Crisis 2007-2008 Economists and scholars spend years dissecting financial markets and evaluating the causes of booms and busts. Throughout United States history there have been multiple economic booms that were underestimated and followed by recessions. In the situation of the 2007-2008 global financial crisis many culprits have been identified as causes, such as loose monetary policy, credit booms, deregulation, over complexity,Read MoreSiam Sindhorn Essay1580 Words   |  7 PagesSiam†©Sindhorn†©Co.,†©Ltd.†© Applied†©Financial†©Engineering†© The†©logic†©behind†©the†©original†©deal†© †©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ©Ã¢â‚¬ © †©Ã¢â‚¬ ©To†©be†©achieved†©through†©the†©deal:†© †Ã¢â‚¬Ë† Clean†up†©the†©crossholding†©structure†©because†©of†© up†coming†©IPO†©(dispose†©of†©6%†©LH†©shares)†© †Ã¢â‚¬Ë† Minimize†©capital†©gain†©tax†©on†©stock†©sale:†©new†© BHV†©based†©in†©BriOsh†©Virgin†©Islands†©will†©issue†© bonds†©and†©sell†©them†©at†©the†©book†©value†© †Ã¢â‚¬Ë† AQract†©foreign†©investors†© †Ã¢â‚¬Ë† Receive†©Ã¯ ¬ nancing†©for†©company’s†©acOviOes†© 09/11/2011†© 8†© Advantages†©for†©the†©shareholders:†© Read MoreThe State Run Regulatory System942 Words   |  4 PagesState Regulation protecting the markets, insurance industry and policy holders and was evidenced during the financial crisis of 2008-09. The insurance business is highly profitable. â€Å"Well-run companies can make a lot of money, which breeds competition† from both â€Å"inside and outside competitors† (Property, 2013). Insurance companies were well â€Å"insulated† from the â€Å"severe† financial crisis of 2007-2008 that affected the banks and security firms, because the State regulations have the Insurance IndustryRead MoreUse an Extended Example to Critically Discuss How a Company’s Annual Report and Accounts Are Useful in Understanding and Analyzing Its Market, Productive and Financial Performance.1521 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss how a company’s annual report and accounts are useful in understanding and analyzi ng its market, productive and financial performance. Annual report and accounts like the income statement, the cash flow statement and the balance sheet, are financial accounting statement. They comprise numerical data over the past year and indicate the company’s prospect for future financial performance. The information would allow user groups to understand and analyse the company’s performance and to makeRead MoreIntroduction Of The Bank Of England986 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept leads to general idea of this paper, which will look at the evolution of output, inflation, the official bank rate set by the Bank of England and government spending in the UK (Greer, 2009). It is fascinating for one to track on how the global financial integration has been evolving for the past century. Understanding the evolution of output is possible by looking at the measured stocks of the external assets and liabilities; together with the cumulative consequences of the past cross-border capitalRead MoreThe Collapse of Lehman Brothers1138 Words   |  5 Pagesmortgage-induced financial crisis that swept through global financial markets in 2008. Lehman s collapse was a seminal event that greatly intensified the 2008 crisis and contributed to the erosion of close to $10 trillion in  market capitalization  from global equity markets in October 2008, the biggest monthly decline on record at the time. Read more:  http://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/09/lehman-brothers-collapse.asp#ixzz2Do0uK5pz http://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/09/lehman-brothers-collapse

Essay Event Proposal Free Essays

I. Title and Theme of Description A masquerade ball party is an event which the attendees are all in elegant dress wearing a mask. The title of our event is unmasking breast cancer. We will write a custom essay sample on Essay Event Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now The theme will be masquerade ball. Our fantastic masquerade themed party nights will bring a scene of intrigue and illusion. This theme would create a memorable and terrific atmosphere. II. Event Objectives As mentioned above, our event theme and title is involved around breast cancer. This event revolves around raising awareness of breast cancer issue, but also, to create awareness for young students and informing them about how to prevent themselves. This event is an ideal charity event with a women’s health focus, and has a purpose for fundraising and supporting breast cancer charity which comforts the needs of people who are suffering from or who have already been affected by breast cancer III. Event location The venue will be at Globull club in Bulle (Switzerland) which is fantastic for holding a masquerade ball. The maximum capacity is 150 people. As we are aiming for 150 attendees for a best budget scenario, Globull is huge enough to meet our needs. This place is also idealistic for young students living in Bulle to come as it is located 15minutes away by walk from the city center. Above all, facilities and environment needed for a party including projectors, lights and sound system are perfectly equipped. IV. Event Design All attendees would wear a mask upon entering on the venue. The night would be simple and elegant just indicating the time and place along with a map which indicates that they should be wearing their most fancy dresses and tuxedos. In the entrance hall, there will also be a giant mask stand showing the Masquerade theme with which the guests could be able to take pictures. Light purple and pale pink colors will be displayed throughout the function hall along with drapes on ceiling. The tables will have simple white linens. There will also be with a fabulous pink floral decoration representing breast cancer symbol and candle on the table. All attendees will surely enjoy this charity party. Set-up V. Information on sector Our main audiences are going to be students and faculties from Glion Institute of Higher Education located in Bulle. They are keen to parties in their life apart from study and want to be engaged in social mingling. Key Facts Total Students on Bulle campus (Undergraduate+Post Graduate+MBA) 683 (age ranges from 17 to around33) Number of faculty members 50 Students male/ female ratio 48/52 VI. Food Beverage Food will be small treats with fabulous designs but not in a finger food style. Below menu is basically provided by Le Buro and be catered to Globull. As our event theme’s main colors are pink and purple, we specially organized our customized food( pink cookies, sweets, pink themed cupcakes) together for attendees. Menu Drinks Minerals: Orange juice, coke, classic water, sparkling water A glass of beer: special Cardinal Wines: Red wine (Brands to be defined) White wine (Brands to be defined) Treats Plate with variety of cheese and bread Plate with variety of meat and bread Mini Jar of beef tart Mini Jar of Salmon tart Mini Jar of Shrimps Mini Jar of Gaspacho Mini ham croissant Mini lemon tart Mousse of wildberry Customized food for Attendees VII. Entertainment Program -Arriving of Guests -Welcome Remarks (By the Host) -Guest speaker speech -watch a clip about breast cancer -Dancing show by volunteer students -Time to party and Dance by DJ music -Final words from the host How to cite Essay Event Proposal, Essay examples

Mental Health Services Within the Criminal Justice System free essay sample

These days it seems that more and more people are being diagnosed with some form of mental disorder or disability. It’s important that those who provide mental health services be properly trained and certified so as to provide the best possible care and treatment for those who suffer from mental health disorders and disabilities. The history of mental health services is quite extensive. In 1773 the first hospital for the mentally ill in the US opened in Williamsburg, Virginia. In 1840 there were only eight â€Å"asylums for the insane† in the United States. Dorothea Dix crusaded for the establishment or enlargement of 32 mental hospitals, and transfer of those with mental illness from almshouses and jails. The first attempt to measure the extent of mental illness and mental retardation in the United States occurred with the U. S. Census of 1840, which included the category â€Å"insane and idiotic. † The â€Å"mental hygiene† movement began in 1900. We will write a custom essay sample on Mental Health Services Within the Criminal Justice System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Clifford Beers, a mental health consumer shocked readers with a graphic account of hospital conditions in his famous book, The Mind That Found Itself. Inspection of immigrants at Ellis Island included screening to detect the â€Å"mentally disturbed and retarded†. The high incidence of mental disorders among immigrants prompted public recognition of mental illness as a national health problem. In 1930, The US Public Health Service (PHS) established the Narcotics Division, later named the Division of Mental Hygiene, bringing together research and treatment programs to combat drug addiction and study of the causes, prevalence, and means of preventing and treating nervous and mental disease. During World War II, severe shortages of professional mental health personnel and the nderstanding of the causes, treatment, and prevention of mental illness lagged behind other fields of medical science and public health. Dr. William Menninger, chief of Army neuropsychiatry, called for federal action. A national mental health program was proposed, forming the foundation of the National Mental Health Act of 1946. On July 3, 1946, President Truman signed the National Mental Health Act, creating for the first time in US history a significant amount of funding for psychiatric education and research and leading to the creation in 1949 of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Congress authorized the Mental Health Study Act of 1955 and called for â€Å"an objective, thorough, nationwide analysis and reevaluation of the humane and economic problems of mental health†. The act provided the basis for the historic study conducted by the Joint Commission on Mental Illness and Health, Action for Mental Health. In 1961 the Action for Mental Health was transmitted to Congress. It assessed mental health conditions and resources throughout the United States â€Å"to arrive at a national program that would approach adequacy in meeting the individual needs of the mentally ill people of America. Congress appropriated $12 million for research in 1956 the clinical and basic aspects of psychopharmacology and the Psychopharmacology Service Center was established. The number of consumers in mental hospitals began to decline reflecting the introduction of psychopharmacology in the treatment of mental illness. The Health Amendments Act authorized the support of communi ty services for the mentally ill, such as halfway houses, daycare, and aftercare under Title V. The CMHC (Community Mental Health Center) Act Amendments of 1965, (P. L. 1-211), were enacted and included the following major provisions: Construction and staffing grants to centers were extended and facilities that served those with alcohol and substance abuse disorders were made eligible to receive these grants. Grants were provided to support the initiation and development of mental health services in poverty-stricken areas. A new program of grants was established to support further development of children’s services. By 1988, the concept of behavioral health managed care evolved from theory to practice. Massachusetts was the first state that utilized a managed care platform regarding service of its behavioral healthcare needs. The state â€Å"carved out† mental health from physical healthcare and awarded the contract for management of the mental health benefits to a private company whose responsibilities included service authorization, utilization, quality management, a provider network, claims processing and interagency coordination. The managed care platform was based on efficiency and effectiveness, and sought to take advantage of emerging technologies. However, capturing the cost savings proved to be a difficult task as managed care programs spread throughout different states. Population disparities in the rural and urban areas, unfulfilled technological promises, decreasing social service budgets in the states, and erosion in the areas of access and quality had a lasting effect on managed care systems. â€Å"Mental health services are designed to promote and maintain mental health, prevent mental illness, and treat and rehabilitate mentally ill persons. † (Dolgoff amp; Feldstein, 2009, p. 69). Community mental health centers provide a variety of services. Such services include, but are not limited to, emergency services, diagnosis, treatment, referral, and community education and coordination. Mental health issues involve a wide array of behaviors ranging from severe mental impairments that would require hospitalization to mildly impairing behaviors. Another specific goal of mental health services involves promoting maximum mental health by support help in life transitions and difficult periods of stress. In recent years there has been more focus on the interrelationship of biological and psychosocial factors as they relate to mental health. â€Å"Mental health facilities include both public (state and county) and private psychiatric hospitals in which patients are either voluntarily committed or involuntarily committed by court order or following certification by two physicians. Aftercare is often provided for discharged patients in a local community facility. † (Dolgoff amp; Feldstein, 2009, p. 269). According to Patty Fleener, â€Å"The purpose of Mental Health Today is to help stop the pain caused by mental health disorders. The hope is to provide the latest information about mental health disorders to mental health clinicians as well as consumers and families who are now beginning to demand better treatment. Communities have been created for emotional support, articles are written to assist in recovery, crisis intervention is provided by recovering mental health consumers, and resources are given. † Financing for mental health services can get tricky and complicated. â€Å"Using monies from federal block grants, state mental health departments operate statewide networks of mental health services. †(Dolgoff amp; Feldstein, 2009, p. 70). In addition, state departments of education also provide financing through special education programs. Complications arise however, when we get into private insurances and what they will and will not cover. â€Å"Despite research findings that behavior and mood illnesses such as severe depression and schizophrenia are disorders of brain circuitry, debate con tinues whether mental health conditions are physical or mental. †(Dolgoff amp; Feldstein, 2009, p. 270). The reason this piece of information is so important is because insurance companies do not equally cover mental illness and physical illness. Today, more and more insurance companies are restricting coverage for mental health services. This includes services that are normally provided by social workers. This was motivated by several concerns. Insurers feared that coverage of mental health services would result in high costs associated with long-term and intensive psychotherapy and extended hospital stays. They also were reluctant to pay for long-term, often custodial, hospital stays that were guaranteed by the public mental health system, the provider of â€Å"catastrophic care. These factors encouraged private insurers to limit coverage for mental health services. (U. S. Public Health Service). Federal public financing mechanisms, such as Medicare and Medicaid, also imposed limitations on coverage, particularly for long-term care, of â€Å"nervous and mental disease† to avoid a complete shift in financial responsibility from state and local governments to the Federal government. The purpose of mental health insura nce is to protect the individual from catastrophic financial loss. A 1996 review of the evidence for the efficacy of well-documented treatments (Frank et al. 1996) suggested that covered services should include the following: * Hospital and other 24-hour services (e. g. , crisis residential services); * Intensive community services (e. g. , partial hospitalization); * Ambulatory or outpatient services (e. g. , focused forms of psychotherapy); * Medical management (e. g. , monitoring psychotropic medications); * Case management; * Intensive psychosocial rehabilitation services; and * Other intensive outreach approaches to the care of individuals with severe disorders. Since resources to provide such services are finite, insurance plans are responsible for allocating resources to support treatment. Each type of insurance plan has a different model for matching treatment need with insurance support for receiving services. (U. S. Public Health Service). Health insurance, whether funded through private or public sources, is one of the most important factors influencing access to health and mental health services. Of the roughly 32 million uninsured Americans required by law to enroll in health insurance plans by 2014, about half-or 16 million-will sign up for Medicaid. And of those new enrollees, one-third will have preexisting mental health or substance abuse conditions. Not surprisingly, state governments (which will implement the law) are desperate to cut costs. People with chronic psychiatric conditions, after all, are among the most expensive to insure because their crises usually lead to emergency room visits and lengthy stays in institutions, at a cost of thousands of dollars a day. Many mentally ill patients cope by smoking, abusing drugs, or overeating, leading to an increased risk of cancer, diabetes, and other expensive co-morbidities. One study published in 2000 estimated that people with psychiatric or substance abuse problems consume 44 percent of all the cigarettes sold in the United States. This is one reason why the average life expectancy of an American with a chronic mental illness is about 25 years shorter than the national average. (The American Scholar). Nearly 12 percent of U. S. adults (27 million low-income individuals on p ublic support) receive Medicaid coverage (with more than 2 percent having dual Medicare/Medicaid coverage). With per capita expenditures of $481 a year for mental health services, the average cost of this coverage is 2. 5 times higher than that in the private sector. An explanation for this higher average cost is the severity of illness of this population and greater intensity of services needed to meet their needs. State mental health policymakers have begun to blend funding streams from Medicaid and the state public mental health expenditures under Medicaid â€Å"waivers,† which offer the potential of purchasing private insurance for certain public beneficiaries who have not been eligible for Medicaid. This new option has recently been raised as a means of concentrating public mental health services on forensic and other long-term intensive care programs not covered by private insurance (Hogan, 1998). Given the extremely low level of funding for the uninsured with less severe mental illness, the recently implemented Federal legislation to fund a State Child Health Insurance Program (CHIP) could result in considerably increased coverage for previously uninsured children. It is noteworthy that CHIP benefits vary from state-to-state particularly for mental health coverage. America is about to undergo a massive shift in how health care is paid for, and at the state level the responses have been varied. South Carolina, for example, slashed mental health spending 39 percent between 2009 and 2012, and nine other states cut their mental health budgets more than 10 percent over that same period, according to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, leaving significantly more people on the street, in jail, or dead. In other states, the objective is to replace custodial care, which is often inefficient and inhumane. The new model of care encourages a far greater degree of independence, and at a fraction of the cost of hospital wards. Consider that the state of New York spends about $220,000 a year to keep a person in the Buffalo Psychiatric Center. Now compare that with the annual direct cost of supported housing in Buffalo- about $8,000 per person, according to Joe Woodward, director of a peer-run housing agency in western New York. About 25 million adults in this country suffer from serious psychological distress; some surveys estimate that half of all Americans will have a diagnosable psychiatric condition at some point in their lives. And yet, the mentally ill are a largely forgotten part of the population. Governments especially seem to deal with the problem by ignoring it. The major obstacle, still to this day-is social stigma, which the sociologist Erving Goffman elegantly defined as the process by which the reaction of others spoils normal identity. This stigma is what peers can best combat. People may not know how to make recovery happen, but that doesnt mean that it cant happen, said John Allen, a peer activist for decades and now the director of the Office of Consumer Affairs at New York States Office of Mental Health. I believe that recovery is possible for every human being. The mental health care in America is extremely poor at this time. Many people continue to suffer and lives are literally lost due to lack of interest in our society in assisting people with mental health disorders and people continue to be heavily stigmatized.